CVP Bibliography

The citations for the facts and statistics referenced on the web pages about the Center for Violence Prevention are provided below. CHOP researchers and clinicians, who are expert in violence prevention as well as adolescent health and development, help to ensure that this information is evidenced-informed and current with the state of the science.

Center for Violence PreventionVisit
  • Briggs-Gowan MJ, Ford JD, Fraleigh L, McCarthy K, Carter AS. Prevalence of exposure to potentially traumatic events in a healthy birth cohort of very young children in the northeastern United States. J Trauma Stress. Dec 2010;23(6):725-733.
  • Finkelhor D, Turner H, Ormrod R, Hamby SL. Trends in childhood violence and abuse exposure evidence from 2 national surveys. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. Mar 2010;164 (3).
  • Finkelhor D, Turner HA, Shattuck, AM, Hamby, SL 2013. Violence, crime, and abuse exposure in a national sample of children and youth: An update. JAMA Pediatrics 167(7):614–62.
Bullying Prevention ProgramsVisit

Free2B: 3D Multimedia Bullying Prevention Program

  • Bradshaw CP, Sawyer AL, O’Brennan LM. Bullying and peer victimization at school: Perceptual differences between students and school staff. School Psychology Review. 2007;36:359-380.
  • Robers S, Zhang J, Truman J, Snyder TD. Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2011. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, and Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice; 2012 [cited 2013 December 5]
Intimate Partner Violence Prevention ProgramsVisit
  • Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Bremner JD, Walker JD, Whitfield C, Perry BD, et al. The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2006 Apr;256(3):174-86.
  • Bensley L, Van Eenwyk J, Wynkoop Simmons K. Childhood family violence history and women's risk for intimate partner violence and poor health. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2003 Jul;25(1):38-44.
  • Berton M, Stabb S. Exposure to violence and post-traumatic stress disorder in urban adolescents. Adolescence.1996;31(122):489-99.
  • Cannon EA, Bonomi AE, Anderson ML, Rivara FP. The intergenerational transmission of witnessing intimate partner violence. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine. 2009 Aug;163(8):706-8.
  • Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Edwards VJ, Williamson DF. Exposure to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction among adults who witnessed intimate partner violence as children: implications for health and social service providers. Violence and Victims. 2002;17(1):3-17.
  • Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1998 May;14(4):245-58.
  • McDonald R, Jouriles EN, Ramisetty-Mikler S, Caetano R, Green CE. Estimating the number of American children living in partner-violent families. Journal of Family Psychology. 2006;20(1):137-42.
  • Silva RR, Alpert M, Munoz DM, Singh S, Matzner F, Dummit S. Stress and vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157(8):1229-1235.
Gun Safety ProgramsVisit
  • Azrael D, Cohen J, Carmel S, Miller M. Firearm Storage in Gun-Owning Households with Children: Results of a 2015 National Survey. Journal of Urban Health. Jun 2018;95(3):295-304.
  • Brady. End Family Fire. Available at: https://www.bradyunited.org/program/end-family-fire
Suicide Prevention ProgramsVisit

Meeting Pediatric Mental Health Needs at CHOP

Types of Violence Involving YouthVisit
  • Briggs-Gowan MJ, Ford JD, Fraleigh L, McCarthy K, Carter AS. Prevalence of exposure to potentially traumatic events in a healthy birth cohort of very young children in the northeastern United States. Journal of Trauma Stress. Dec 2010;23(6):725-733.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 10 Leading Causes of Death and Injury. 2012.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nonfatal Injury Data. 2012.
  • Cheng TL, Wright J, Fields CB, et al. Violent injuries among adolescents: declining morbidity and mortality in an urban population. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2001;37(3):292-300.
Bullying in SchoolsVisit
  • Bradshaw CP, Sawyer AL, O’Brennan LM. Bullying and peer victimization at school: Perceptual differences between students and school staff. School Psychology Review. 2007;36:359-380.
  • Calvete E, Orue I, Estévez A, Villardón L, Padilla P. Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors’ profile. Computers in Human Behavior. 2010; 26(5), 1128-1135.
  • Farrington DP, Ttofi MM. Protective and promotive factors in the development of offending. In: Bliesener T, Beelman A, Stemmler M, editors. Antisocial behaviour and crime: Contributions of theory and evaluation research to prevention and intervention. Cambridge, Mass: Hogrefe Publishing; 2011. pp. 71 – 88.
  • Huang FL, Cornell DG. Question Order Affects the Measurement of Bullying Victimization Among Middle School Students. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 2016;76(5)724-740.
  • Leff S, Costigan T, Power T. Using participatory-action research to develop a playground-based prevention program. Journal of School Psychology. 2004;42:3-21.
  • Olweus D. Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, Inc; 1993.
  • Olweus D, Limber SP. Bullying in school: evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2010;80(1):124-134.
  • Robers S, Zhang J, Truman J, Snyder TD. Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2011. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, and Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice; 2012 [cited 2013 December 5].
  • Robers S, Kemp J, Truman J, Snyder TD. Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2012 (NCES 2013-036/NCJ 241446). 2013
  • Vaillancourt T, McDougall P, Hymel S, Sunderani S. Respect or fear? The relationship between power and bullying behavior. In: Jimerson SR, Swearer SM, Espelage DL, editors. Handbook of bullying in schools: An international perspective. New York: Routledge; 2010. pp.211-222.
  • Wang J, Iannotti RJ, Nansel TR. School bullying among adolescents in the United States: physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. The Journal of Adolescent Health. 2009;45(4):368-375.
  • Zhang A, Musu-Gillette L, Oudekerk BA. Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2015.  National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, and Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, DC. 2016
Cyberbullying
The Power of the Bystander and a Positive School ClimateVisit
  • Leff S, Costigan T, Power T. Using participatory-action research to develop a playground-based prevention program. Journal of School Psychology. 2004;42:3-21.
Relational AggressionVisit
  • Crick NR, Ostrov JM, Kawabata Y. Relational aggression and gender: An overview. In: Flannery DJ, Vazsonyi AT, Waldman ID, editors. The Cambridge handbook of violent behavior and aggression. New York: Cambridge; 2007. pp. 245–259.
  • Crick NR, Grotpeter JK. Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development. 1995;66(3):710-22.
  • Talbott E, Celinska D, Simpson J, Coe MG. “Somebody else making somebody else fight”: Aggression and the social context among urban adolescent girls. Exceptionality. 2002;10(3):203-220.
Increased Bullying Risk for Specific Groups of YouthVisit
  • Bauer KW, Yank YW, Austin SB. "How can we stay healthy when you're throwing all of this in front of us?" Findings from focus groups and interviews in middle schools on enviornmental influeces on nutrition and physical activity. Health Education & Behavior. 2004;31(1):34-46.
  • Cohn A, Canter A. Bullying: Facts for schools and parents. Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists; 2003 [cited 2013 December 5]
  • Daniels SR. The consequences of childhood overwight and obesity. Future Child. 2006;16(1):47-67.
  • Davison KK, Birch LL. Lean and weight stable: Behavioral predictors and psychological correlates. Obesity Research. 2004;12(7):1085-1093.
  • Janssen I, Craig WM, Boyce WF, Pickett W. Associations between overweight and obesity with bullying behaviors in school-aged children. Pediatrics. 2004;113(5):1187-1194.
  • Kosciw JG, Diaz EM, Greytak EA. The 2007 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN; 2008.
  • Kosciw JG, Greytak EA, Diaz EM, Bartkiewicz MJ. The 2009 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN; 2010.
  • Lumeng JC, Forrest P, Appugliese DP, Kaciroti N, Corwyn RF, Bradley RH. Weight status as a predictor of being bullied in third through sixth grades. Pediatrics. 2010;125(6):e1301-e1307.
  • Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2012;307(5):483-490
  • Poteat VP, Espelage DL. Exploring the relation between bullying and homophobic verbal content: The Homophobic Content Agent Target (HCAT) Scale. Violence and Victims. 2005;20(5):513-528.
  • Poteat VP, Rivers I. The use of homophobic language across bullying roles during adolescence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 2010;31:166-172.
Child Sex TraffickingVisit
Dating ViolenceVisit
  • Crandall M, Nathens AB, Kernic MA, Holt VL, Rivara FP. Predicting Future Injury Among Women in Abusive Relationships. Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care. 2004;56(4):906-12.
  • Davis, Antoinette, MPH. 2008. Interpersonal and Physical Dating Violence among Teens. The National Council on Crime and Delinquency Focus. Available at http://www.nccdrc.org/nccd/pubs/Dating%20Violence%20Among%20Teens.pdf.
  • Forke CM, Myers, RK, Fein JA, Catallozzi M, Localio AR, Wiebe DJ, Grisso JA. Witnessing intimate partner violence as a child: How boys and girls model their parents’ behaviors in adolescence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 2018;84:241-252. 
  • Forke CM, Myers, RK, Fein JA, Catallozzi M, Localio AR, Wiebe DJ, Grisso JA. Witnessing intimate partner violence as a child: How boys and girls model their parents’ behaviors in adolescence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 2018;84:241-252. 
  • Foshee VA, Linder F, MacDougall JE, Bangdiwala S. Gender differences in the longitudinal predictors of adolescent dating violence. Preventive Medicine.2001;32(2):128–141.
  • Foshee VA, Reyes HL, Ennett ST. Examination of sex and race differences in longitudinal predictors of the initiation of adolescent dating violence perpetration. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma. 2010;19(5):492–516. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2010.495032
  • Linder JR, Collins WA. Parent and peer predictors of physical aggression and conflict management in romantic relationships in early adulthood. Journal of Family Psychology. 2005;19(2):252–262. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.19.2.252.
  • Myers RK, Nelson DB, Forke CM. "Occurrence of Stalking Victimization Among Female and Male Undergraduate Students." Journal of College Student Development. 2016;57(2):213-18.
  • M. Nunez & M. Wordes. “Our Vulnerable Teenagers: Their Victimization, Its Consequences, and Directions for Prevention and Intervention.” Nat’l Council on Crime & Delinquency and Nat’l Center for Victims of Crime May 2002.
  • Reidy DE, Smith-Darden JP, Kernsmith PD.  Behavioral and Mental Health Correlates of Youth Stalking Victimization: A Latent Class Approach, Volume 51, Issue 6, Pages 1007–1014.
  • Rennison C. Intimate Partner Violence, Special Report 1993-2000. Washington (DC): Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Justice; 2000. Publication No. NCJ178247.
  • Schnurr MP, Lohman BJ. How much does school matter? An examination of adolescent dating violence perpetration. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2008;37:266–283. doi: 10.1007/s10964-007-9246-7.
  • Silverman, J, Raj A, et al. 2001. Dating Violence Against Adolescent Girls and Associated Substance Use, Unhealthy Weight Control, Sexual Risk Behavior, Pregnancy, and Suicidality. JAMA. 286:572-579. Available at http://jama.amaassn.org/cgi/reprint/286/5/572.
  • Tjaden P, Thoennes N. “Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence: Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey, Research Report.” Washington (DC):U.S. Dept. of Justice, 2000a.
  • Tschann JM, Pasch LA, Flores E, VanOss Marin B, Baisch EM, Wibbelsman CJ. Nonviolent aspects of interparental conflict and dating violence among adolescents. Journal of Family Issues. 2009;30(3):295–319. doi: 10.1177/0192513X08325010
  • Wolfe DA, Wekerle C, Scott K, Straatman A-L, Grasley C. Predicting abuse in adolescent dating relationships over 1 year: The role of child maltreatment and trauma. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2004;113(3):406–415. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.113.3.406
Dating Violence PreventionVisit
  • Bensley L, Van Eenwyk J, Wynkoop Simmons K. Childhood family violence history and women's risk for intimate partner violence and poor health. Am J Prev Med. 2003 Jul;25(1):38-44
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Physical Dating Violence Among High School Students – United States, Liz Claiborne Inc., Conducted by Teenage Research Unlimited, (February 2005).
  • Domestic and Family Violence, Office for Victims of Crime website.
  • Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Arriaga XB, Helms RW, Koch GG, Linder GF. An evaluation of Safe Dates, an adolescent violence prevention program. American Journal of Public Health. 1998; 88:45-50.
  • Foshee VA, Reyes McNaughton HL, Ennett ST, Cance JD, Bauman KE, Bowling JM. Assessing the effects of Families for Safe Dates, a family-based teen dating abuse prevention program. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2012; 51:349-356.
  • Miller E, Tancredi DJ, McCauley HL, Decker MR, Virata CDM, Anderson HA, O’Connor B, Silverman JG. One-Year follow-up of a coach-delivered dating violence prevention program: a cluster randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013; 45:108-112.
  • .PCADV. January 2010. Nicole Lindemyer, Esq., PCADV Policy Manager, 800-932-4632 x 205, nal@pcadv.org
  • Physical and Dating Violence Among High School Students—United States, 2003,” MMWR, May 19, 2006, Vol. 55, No. 19.
  • Taylor BG, Stein ND, Mumford EA, Woods D. Shifting Boundaries: an experimental evaluation of a dating violence prevention program in middle schools. Prevention Science. 2013; 14:64-76.
  • “Women’s Health,” June/July 2004, Family Violence Prevention Fund and Advocates for Youth.
  • Zweig JM, Dank M, Yahner J, Lachman P. The Rate of Cyber Dating Violence Among Teens and How it Relates to Other Forms of Teen Dating Violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, July 2013, Volume 42, Issue 7, pp 1063-1077.
Domestic Violence and Child AbuseVisit
  • Appel AE, Holden GW. Co-occurring spouse and child abuse: Implications for CPS practice. APSAC Advisor. 1998;11(1):11-14
  • Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Bremner JD, Walker JD, Whitfield C, Perry BD, et al. The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2006 Apr;256(3):174-86.
  • Bensley L, Van Eenwyk J, Wynkoop Simmons K. Childhood family violence history and women's risk for intimate partner violence and poor health. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2003 Jul;25(1):38-44.
  • Berton M, Stabb S. Exposure to violence and post-traumatic stress disorder in urban adolescents. Adolescence.1996;31(122):489-99.
  • Catalano, Shannan. 2007. Intimate Partner Violence in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2007 December 19 [cited 2014 January 13]
  • Child Welfare Information Gateway. Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities 2016: Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau; 2016. [cited 2018 September 27]
  • Dube SR, Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Edwards VJ, Williamson DF. Exposure to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction among adults who witnessed intimate partner violence as children: implications for health and social service providers. Violence and Victims. 2002;17(1):3-17.
  • Edleson JL. The overlap between child maltreatment and woman battering. Violence Against Women. 1999;5(2):134-154.
  • Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1998 May;14(4):245-58.
  • Fusco RA, Fantuzzo JW. Domestic violence crimes and children: A population-based investigation of direct sensory exposure and the nature of involvement. Children and Youth Services Review. 2009;31(2):249-56.
  • Gold J, Sullivan MW, Lewis M. The relation between abuse and violent delinquency: The conversion of shame to blame in juvenile offenders. Child Abuse and Neglect. 2011;35(7):459–467.
  • Hughes HM, Parkinson D, Vargo M. Witnessing spouse abuse and experiencing physical abuse: A "double whammy"? Journal of Family Violence. 1989;4(2):197-209.
  • Ireland TO, Smith CA. Living in Partner-violent families: Developmental links to antisocial behavior and relationship violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2009;38(3):323-339.
  • Kernic MA, Wolf ME, Holt VL, McKnight B, Huebner CE, Rivara FP. Behavioral problems among children whose mothers are abused by an intimate partner. Child Abuse and Neglect. 2003;27(11):1231-46.
  • Lipsky S, Caetano R, Field CA, Larkin GL. Psychosocial and substance-use risk factors for intimate partner violence. Drug Alcohol Dependence. 2005 Apr 4;78(1):39-47.
  • McDonald R, Jouriles EN, Ramisetty-Mikler S, Caetano R, Green CE. Estimating the number of American children living in partner-violent families. Journal of Family Psychology. 2006;20(1):137-42.
  • McKinney CM, Caetano R, Ramisetty-Mikler S, Nelson S. Childhood family violence and perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence: findings from a national population-based study of couples. Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Jan;19(1):25-32.
  • PolicyLab: Child Welfare. Philadelphia, PA: Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; 2014 [cited 2014 January 13]
  • Renner LM, Slack KS. Intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: Understanding intra- and intergenerational connections. Child Abuse Negl. 2006;30(6):599-617.
  • Roberts AL, Gilman SE, Fitzmaurice G, Decker MR, Koenen KC. Witness of intimate partner violence in childhood and perpetration of intimate partner violence in adulthood. Epidemiology. 2010 November;21(6):809-818.
  • Saltzman LE, Fanslow JL, McMahon PM, Shelley GA. Intimate partner violence surveillance: uniform definitions and recommended data elements, version 1.0. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2002.
  • Silva RR, Alpert M, Munoz DM, Singh S, Matzner F, Dummit S. Stress and vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2000;157(8):1229-1235.
  • Stark E, Filcraft AH. Witnessing spouse abuse and experiencing physical abuse: A “double whammy”? Journal of Family Violence. 1998;4(2):197-209.
  • Strauss MA, Gelles RJ. Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8,145 families. The Canadian Journal of Sociology. 1991;16(3):326-328.
  • Thompson RS, Bonomi AE, Anderson M, Reid RJ, Dimer JA, Carrell D, et al. Intimate partner violence: prevalence, types, and chronicity in adult women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2006 Jun;30(6):447-57.
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau. Child maltreatment 2014. Washington, DC; 2016 [cited 2018 September 27];
  • U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Domestic Violence/Abuse Statistics. Washington, DC; 2013 June 28 [cited 2014 January 13]
  • Whitfield CL, Anda RF, Dube SR, Felitti VJ. Violent childhood experiences and the risk of intimate partner violence in adults: assessment in a large health maintenance organization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2003;18(2):166-85.
  • Xiangming F, Corso P. Child maltreatment, youth violence, and intimate partner violence: Developmental relationships. American Journal of Preventative Medicine. 2007;33(4).
Gun ViolenceVisit
  • Albright T, Burge SK. Improving Firearm Storage Habits: Impact of Brief Office Counseling by Family Physicians. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice. 2003 Jan-Feb;16(1):40-6.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WISQARS Nonfatal Injury Reports 2001-2014, ages 0-19, available at: http://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/nfirates2001.html
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WISQARS Fatal Injury Reports 1999-2018, ages 0-19, available at: https://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate.html
  • Katherine L. Record, JD, MPH, MA; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD. A Systematic Plan for Firearms Law Reform. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2013;309(12):1231-1232. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.1127
  • Nance ML, Carr BG, Kallan MJ, Branas CC, Wiebe DJ. Urban US Counties Variation in Pediatric and Adolescent Firearm Mortality Rates in Rural and Urban US Counties. Pediatrics. Originally published online May 24, 2010; 2010;125;1112.
  • Nance ML, Denysenko L, Durbin DR, Branas CC, Stafford PW, Schwab CW. The rural-urban continuum: variability in statewide serious pediatric and adolescent firearm injuries. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. 2002;156(8):781-785.
  • National Physicians Alliance. Gun Safety and Public Health: Policy Recommendations for a more secure America. August 2013.
  • Rajan S, Branas CC. Arming Schoolteachers: What Do We Know? Where Do We Go From Here?. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(7):860-862.
  • WISQARS 2010
Counseling on Gun Safety in the HomeVisit
  • Baxley F, Miller M. Parental Misperceptions About Children and Firearms. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. 542, 544 (2006)   [160(5), 542-547]
  • Schuster, M. A., Franke, T. M., Bastian, A. M., Sor, S., & Halfon, N. Firearm storage patterns in US homes with children. American Journal of Public Health, 90(4), 588-594. (2000).
  • Stennies G, Ikeda R, Leadbetter S, Houston B, Sacks J. Firearm storage practices and children in the home, United States, 1994. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine. 1999 Jun;153 (6):586-90.
  • M.M. Farah, H.K. Simon, A.L. Kellermanm. Firearms in the home: parental perceptions. Pediatrics, 104 (1999), pp. 1059–1063
  • Schuster MA, Franke TM, Bastian AM. Firearm storage patterns in US homes with children. American Journal of Public Health. 2000 Apr;90(4):588-94.
  • Jackman GA, Farah MM, Kellermann AL, Simon HK. Seeing is believing: what do boys do when they find a real gun? Pediatrics. 2001 Jun;107(6):1247-50.
Gun Violence Facts and StatisticsVisit
  • Azrael D, Miller D, Hemenway D. Are Household Firearms Stored Safely? It Depends on Whom You Ask.  Pediatrics Vol. 106 No. 3 September 1, 2000, pp. e31
  • Baxley F, Miller M. Parental Misperceptions About Children and Firearms. Archives Of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. 542, 544 (2006).
  • Campbell JC et al., Risk Factors for Femicide in Abusive Relationships: Re­sults from a Multisite Case Control Study. American Journal Of Public Health. 1089, 1092 (2003).
  • Clark ME, O'Donnell N. Newtown school gunman fired 154 rounds in less than 5 minutes. Reuters. Mar 28, 2013
  • Congressional Research Service. CRS Report for Congress: Gun Control Legislation (Aug. 3, 2012)
  • Follman M, Aronsen G, Pan D. Guide to Mass Shootings in America. Mother Jones. Last update: Sept.16, 2013
  • Fotios C. Papadopoulos et al., Preventing Suicide and Homicide in the United States: The Potential Benefit in Human Lives. Psychiatry Research 154 (2009)
  • Grossman DC et al., Self-Inflicted and Unintentional Firearm Injuries Among Chil­dren and Adolescents: The Source of the Fire­arm. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. 875, 875 (1999).
  • Guohua Li et al., Factors Associated with the Intent of Firearm-Related Injuries in Pediatric Trauma Patients. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. 1160, 1162 (1996).
  • Hepburn L, Azrael D, Miller M. et al The effects of child access prevention laws on unintentional child firearm fatalities, 1979–2000. Journal of Trauma 2006. 61423–428.428
  • Kellermann AL, Rivara FP. Silencing the Science on Gun Research. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2013;309(6):549-550. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.208207
  • Ladapo JA, Rodwin BA, Ryan AM, Trasande L, Blustein J. Scientific Publications on Firearms in Youth Before and After Congressional Action Prohibiting Federal Research Funding. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2013;310(5):532-534.
  • Luo M, McIntire M. Children and Guns: The Hidden Toll. The New York Times. Sept 28, 2013
  • Matthew Miller et al. Household Firearm Ownership and Suicide Rates in the United States. Epidemiology 517 (2002).
  • Matthew Miller et al. The Epidemiology of Case Fatality Rates for Suicide in the North­east. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 723, 726 (2004).
  • Matthew Miller et al., Suicide Mortality in the United States: The Importance of Attend­ing to Method in Understanding Population- Level Disparities in the Burden of Suicide, 33 Ann. Rev. Pub. Health 393 (2012).
  • Cook PJ, Ludwig J. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Nat’l Inst. of Justice, Guns in Amer­ica: National Survey on Private Ownership and Use of Firearms, at 7 (1997).
  • U.S. General Accounting Office, Acciden­tal Shootings: Many Deaths and Injuries Caused by Firearms Could Be Prevented 17 (Mar. 1991)
  • Wiebe, DJ. Firearms in U.S. Homes as a Risk Factor for Unintentional Gunshot Fatality. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 711, 713-14 (2003).
  • WISQARS 2010
Suicide and Self HarmVisit
Trauma-informed Care Approach to Child Traumatic StressVisit
  • Holbrook T, Hoyt D, Coimbra R, Potenza B, Sise M, Anderson J. Long-term posttraumatic stress disorder persists after major trauma in adolescents: New data on risk factors and functional outcome. Journal of Trauma- Injury Infection and Critical Care.  2005 Apr;58(4):764-9.
  • Kassam-Adams, N., Marsac, ML, Hildenbrand, A., Winston, F.K. Posttraumatic stress following pediatric injury: Update on diagnosis, risk factors, and intervention. JAMA Pediatrics. 2013 Dec 1;167(12):1158-65.
  • Rossman BBR, Hughes HM, Rosenberg MS. Children and interparental violence: The impact of exposure. Psychology Press, 2000.
  • Shonkoff JP, Garner AS, CHILD TCOPAO, et al. The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress. Pediatrics. 2012 Jan;129(1):e232-46.
Factors Affecting Youth and ViolenceVisit
  • Berkowitz, SJ. Children exposed to community violence: The rationale for early intervention. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review. 2003 Dec;6(4):293-302.
  • Delaney-Black V, Covington C, Ondersma SJ, et al. Violence exposure, trauma, and IQ and/or reading deficits among urban children. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. 2002;156(3):280
  • Ellickson P, Saner H, McGuigan KA. Profiles of violent youth: substance use and other concurrent problems. American Journal of Public Health. 1997 Jun;87(6):985-91.
  • Groves BM, Zuckerman B, Marans S, and Cohen D. Silent victims: Children who witness violence. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1993 Jan 13;269(2):262-4.
  • Margolin G, Vickerman KA. Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence: I. Overview and issues. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice. 2007 Dec 1;38(6):613-619.
  • Morales JR, Guerra NG. Effects of multiple context and cumulative stress on urban children’s adjustment in elementary school. Child Development. 2006 Jul-Aug;77(4):907-23.